<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="5.6">A young Pablo PicassoPablo Picasso, formally Pablo Ruiz Picasso, (October 25, 1881 - April 8, 1973) was one of the recognized masters of 20th century art.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="16.7">1 Overview 2 Early life 3 Picasso and pacifism 4 Personal life 5 Later works 6 List of works 7 External linksOverviewHis name in full was Pablo (or Pablito) Diego Jose Santiago Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno Crispin Crispiniano de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santisima Trinidad Ruiz Blasco y Picasso Lopez.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="22.6">His father was Jose Ruiz y Blasco; his mother, Maria Picasso y Lopez.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="21.2">In his early years he signed his name Ruiz Blasco after his father but, from about 1901 on, switched to using his mother's name.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="13.7">Picasso was born in Malaga, Spain, and is probably most famous as the founder, along with Georges Braque, of Cubism.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="subj" certainty="28.7">However in a long life he produced a wide and varied body of work, the best-known being the Blue Period works which feature moving depictions of acrobats, harlequins, prostitutes, beggars and artists.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="subj" certainty="27.9">While Picasso was primarily a painter (in fact he <MPQA autoclass="speechDirectSubjective">believed</MPQA> that an artist must paint in order to be <MPQA autoclass="speechDirectSubjective">considered</MPQA> a true artist), he also worked with small ceramic and bronze sculptures, collage and even produced some poetry.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="subj" certainty="6.0">"Je suis aussi un poete," as he quipped to his friends.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="12.7">Several paintings by Picasso rank among the most expensive paintings in the world.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="subj" certainty="1.6">On May 4, 2004 Picasso's painting Garcon a la Pipe was sold for USD $104 million at Sotheby's, thus establishing a new price record (see also List of most <MPQA autoclass="negative">expensive</MPQA> paintings).</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="0.2">Picasso hated to be alone when he wasn't working.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="8.3">In Paris, in addition to having a distinguished coterie of friends in the Montmartre and Montparnasse quarters, including Andre Breton, Guillaume Apollinaire, writer Gertrude Stein and others, he usually maintained a number of mistresses in addition to his wife or primary partner.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="10.3">Picasso's most famous work is probably his depiction of the German bombing of Guernica, Spain.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="subj" certainty="5.8">This large canvas embodies for many the inhumanity, <MPQA autoclass="negative">brutality</MPQA> and hopelessness of <MPQA autoclass="negative">war</MPQA>.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="subj" certainty="7.7">The painting of the picture was captured in a series of photographs by Picasso's most famous lover, Dora Maar, a distinguished artist in her own right.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="subj" certainty="16.7">A Nazi officer is supposed to have come to his door <MPQA autoclass="negative">brandishing</MPQA> a postcard and demanding, "Did you do this?" "No," Picasso is supposed to have replied, "you did."</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="4.2">The Guernica hung in New York's Museum of Modern Art for many years; Picasso stipulated that the painting should not return to Spain until democracy was restored in that country.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="26.3">In 1981 the Guernica was returned to Spain and exhibited at the Cason del Buen Retiro.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="20.3">In 1992 the painting became one of the main attractions in Madrid's Museo de La Reina Sofia (Queen Sofia's Museum) when it opened.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="subj" certainty="8.6">As certain works, for example the Cubist pieces, tend to be associated in the public mind with Picasso, it is important to realize how talented Picasso was as a painter and draughtsman.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="subj" certainty="28.6">He was capable of working with oils, watercolours, pastels, charcoal, pencil, ink, or indeed any medium with equally high facility.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="subj" certainty="29.9">With his most <MPQA autoclass="negative">extreme</MPQA> cubist works he came close to deconstructing a <MPQA autoclass="negative">complex</MPQA> scene into just a few geometric shapes while at the same time being capable of photo-realistic pen and ink sketches of his friends.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="subj" certainty="30.4">Picasso had a massive talent for almost any artistic endeavor he <MPQA autoclass="negative">turned</MPQA> his mind to, despite limited formal academic training (he finished only one year of his course of study at the Royal Academy in Madrid), and a <MPQA autoclass="negative">ferocious</MPQA> work-ethic.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="subj" certainty="2.9">Early lifePicasso's father, Jose Ruiz y Blasco, was himself a painter and for most of his life was a professor of art at Spanish colleges.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="19.7">It is from Don Jose that Picasso learned the basics of formal academic art training figure drawing, and painting in oil.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="12.1">Although Picasso attended art schools thoughout his childhood, often those his father taught at, he never finished his college level course of study at the Royal Academy of San Fernando in Madrid, leaving after less than a year.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="3.2">The Picasso Museum in Barcelona features many of Picasso's early works, created while he was living in Spain, as well as the extensive collection of Jaime Sabartes, Picasso's close friend from his Barcelona days, and for many years, Picasso's personal secretary.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="subj" certainty="13.7">There are many precise and detailed figure studies done in his youth under his father's tutelage that clearly demonstrate his firm grounding in classical techniques, as well as rarely seen works from his old age.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="subj" certainty="1.9">Picasso and pacifismIt is true that Picasso remained neutral during the Spanish Civil <MPQA autoclass="negative">War</MPQA>, World <MPQA autoclass="negative">War</MPQA> I and World <MPQA autoclass="negative">War</MPQA> II, <MPQA autoclass="negative">refusing</MPQA> to <MPQA autoclass="negative">fight</MPQA> for any side or country.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="subj" certainty="2.8">Picasso never commented on this but encouraged the idea that it was because he was a pacifist.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="1.3">Some of his contemporaries though (including Braque) felt that this neutrality had more to do with cowardice than principle.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="16.2">As a Spanish citizen living in France, Picasso was under no compulsion to fight against the invading Germans in either world war .</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="subj" certainty="4.3">In the Spanish Civil <MPQA autoclass="negative">War</MPQA>, service for Spaniards living abroad was optional and would have involved a voluntary return to the country to join either side.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="subj" certainty="35.6">While Picasso <MPQA autoclass="speechDirectSubjective">expressed</MPQA> <MPQA autoclass="negative">anger</MPQA> and <MPQA autoclass="negative">condemnation</MPQA> of Franco and the Fascists through his art he did not take up arms against them.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="subj" certainty="35.6">He also remained aloof from the Catalan independence movement during his youth despite <MPQA autoclass="speechDirectSubjective">expressing</MPQA> general support and being friendly with activists within it.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="subj" certainty="37.7">No political movement seemed to compel his support to any great degree.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="subj" certainty="5.7">After the Second World <MPQA autoclass="negative">War</MPQA>, Picasso joined the French Communist party, and even attended an international peace conference in Poland.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="subj" certainty="15.2">But party criticism of a portrait of Stalin as insufficiently realistic cooled Picasso's interest in Communist politics.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="3.3">Personal lifePicasso had a long string of lovers, four children by three women, and two wives.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="20.5">In the early years of the 20th century, Picasso, still a struggling youth, began a long term relationship with Fernande Olivier.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="18.2">It is she who appears in many of the Blue and Rose period paintings.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="2.8">After garnering fame and some fortune, Picasso left Fernande for Marcelle Humbert, whom Picasso <MPQA autoclass="objectiveSpeech">called</MPQA> Eva.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="14.8">When it became clear that Eva was dying, Picasso left her as well.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="19.6">Picasso frequented brothels throughout his life, and also had numerous affairs.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="23.7">In 1918 Picasso married Olga Koklova, a ballerina with Sergei Diaghilev's troupe.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="14.6">Olga introduced Picasso to high society, formal dinner parties, and all the social niceties attendant on the life of the rich in 1920s Paris.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="14.2">The two had a son, Paulo, who would grow up to be a sometime motorcycle racer, sometime chauffeur to his father, and dissolute.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="14.3">Olga's insistence on social propriety clashed with Picasso's bohemian tendencies, and the two lived in a state of near constant conflict .</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="16.8">In 1927 Picasso met the then underage (17) Marie Therese Walter, and began a secret affair with her.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="2.5">Picasso's marriage to Olga soon ended in separation, as French law required an even division of property in the case of divorce , and Picasso did not <MPQA autoclass="objectiveSpeech">want</MPQA> Olga to have half his wealth.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="21.9">The two remained legally married until Olga's death in 1955.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="4.2">Picasso carried on a long standing affair with Marie Therese, and fathered a daughter, Maya, with her.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="subj" certainty="17.2">Marie Therese lived in the <MPQA autoclass="negative">vain</MPQA> hope that Picasso would one day marry her, and eventually hanged herself after Picasso's <MPQA autoclass="negative">death</MPQA>.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="4.3">The photographer and painter Dora Maar was also a constant companion and lover of Picasso.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="20.4">The two were closest in the late 30s and early 40s, and it was Dora who documented the painting of Guernica.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="20.7">Like all the women in his life, Dora was cruelly abused emotionally by the narcissistic Picasso.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="23.7">After the liberation of Paris in 1944, Picasso began to keep company with a young art student, Francoise Gilot.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="22.0">The two eventually became lovers, and had two children together, Claude, and Paloma.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="subj" certainty="18.7">Uniquely among Picasso's women, Francoise eventually left Picasso in 1953 because of his <MPQA autoclass="negative">abusive</MPQA> treatment, and infidelities.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="subj" certainty="43.9">This came as a <MPQA autoclass="negative">severe</MPQA> <MPQA autoclass="negative">blow</MPQA> to Picasso, who was used to <MPQA autoclass="negative">submissive</MPQA> women who lived for whatever scraps of affection or attention he deigned to give them.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="subj" certainty="45.0">He went through a <MPQA autoclass="negative">difficult</MPQA> period after Francoise's departure, coming to terms with his advancing age, and his perception that he was an old man, now in his seventies, who was no longer <MPQA autoclass="negative">attractive</MPQA>, but rather <MPQA autoclass="negative">grotesque</MPQA> to young women.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="subj" certainty="16.8">A number of ink drawings from this period explore this theme of the <MPQA autoclass="negative">hideous</MPQA> old dwarf as buffoonish counterpoint to the beautiful young girl.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="27.0">Picasso was not long in finding another lover, Jacqueline Roque.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="29.3">Jacqueline worked at the Madoura Pottery, where Picasso made and painted ceramics.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="24.6">The two remained together for the rest of Picasso's life, marrying in 1961.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="4.8">Their marriage was also the means of one last act of revenge against Francoise.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="subj" certainty="2.1">Francoise had been seeking a legal means to legitimize her children with Picasso, Claude and Paloma.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="subj" certainty="1.2">With Picasso's encouragement, she had arranged to <MPQA autoclass="negative">divorce</MPQA> her then husband, Luc Simon, and marry Picasso to secure her children's rights.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="subj" certainty="20.0">Picasso then secretly married Jacqueline after Francoise had filed for <MPQA autoclass="negative">divorce</MPQA> in order to exact his <MPQA autoclass="negative">revenge</MPQA> for her leaving him.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="subj" certainty="8.3">Later works Painting by PicassoIn his 80s and 90s, Picasso, no longer quite the energetic dynamo he had been in his youth, became more, and more reclusive.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="7.4">His second wife, Jacqueline Roque, screened all but the most important visitors, and closest friends, even excluding Picasso's two children, Claude and Paloma, both by his former partner, the painter Francoise Gilot.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="19.5">This reclusive existence intensified after Picasso underwent surgery for a prostate condition in 1965.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="1.3">This surgery is rumored to have left Picasso largely impotent .</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="subj" certainty="28.4">To a man for whom sexual adventure was such an important part of life, this was a serious life change, and Picasso seems to have dealt with it by redoubling his already prolific artistic output.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="subj" certainty="30.2">Devoting his full energies to his work, Picasso became more daring, his works more colorful and expressive, and from 1968 through 1971 he produced a torrent of paintings and hundreds of copperplate engravings.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="subj" certainty="21.2">At the time these works were <MPQA autoclass="negative">dismissed</MPQA> by most as pornographic fantasies of an <MPQA autoclass="negative">impotent</MPQA> old man, or the slapdash works of an artist who was past his prime.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="subj" certainty="14.9">One long time admirer, Douglas Cooper <MPQA autoclass="speechDirectSubjective">called</MPQA> them "the incoherent scribblings of a frenetic old man in the antechamber of <MPQA autoclass="negative">death</MPQA>".</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="0.0">Only a decade later, after Picasso's death , when the rest of the art world had moved on from abstract expressionism, did the critical community come to see that Picasso had already discovered neo-expressionism, and was, as usual, ahead of his time.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="23.1">Pablo Picasso died on April 8, 1973 at Mougins, France, and was interred at Castle Vauvenargues' park, in Vauvenargues, Bouches-du-Rhone.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="22.8">Jacqueline prevented his children Claude and Paloma from attending the funeral.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="subj" certainty="2.2">At the time of his <MPQA autoclass="negative">death</MPQA>, Picasso, by now a multi-millionaire, owned a vast quantity of his own work, consisting of personal favorites which he had kept off the art market, or which he had not needed to sell.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="subj" certainty="18.2">In addition, Picasso had a considerable collection of the work of other famous artists, some his contemporaries, like Henri Matisse, with whom he had exchanged works.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="3.7">Since Picasso left no will, his death duties, or estate tax to the French state were paid in the form of his works, and others from his collection.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="25.2">These works form the core of the immense, and representative collection of the Musee Picasso in Paris.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="25.6">And recently in 2003, relatives of Picasso inaugurated a museum dedicated to him, in his hometown of Malaga, Spain, <MPQA autoclass="objectiveSpeech">called</MPQA> the Museo Picasso Malaga.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="27.3">In 1999, Picasso's Les Noces de Pierrette (The Marriage of Pierrette) sold for more than USD $51 million.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="31.6">List of worksList of Picasso artworks 1889-1900List of Picasso artworks 1901-1910List of Picasso artworks 1911-1920List of Picasso artworks 1921-1930List of Picasso artworks 1931-1940List of Picasso artworks 1941-1950List of Picasso artworks 1951-1960List of Picasso artworks 1961-1970List of Picasso artworks 1971-1973External linksWikiquote has a collection of quotations by or about Pablo Picasso.</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="31.7">Pablo Picasso Quotes and Paintings (http://www.artquotes.net/masters/picasso_quotes.htm)</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="31.7">Pablo Ruiz Blasco y Picasso (Picasso): 400 works (http://www.insecula.com/contact/A009007.html/)</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="31.7">Musee Picasso, Paris (http://www.insecula.com/salle/theme_40060_M0127.html/)</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="31.7">Museo Picasso Malaga (http://www.museopicassomalaga.org/)</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="31.7">Pablo Picasso Paintings Prints and Biography (http://www.picasso.com)</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="31.7">"Power and Tenderness in Men and in Picasso's 'Minotauromachy'" by Chaim Koppelman (http://www.aestheticrealism.org/News-ck.htm)</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="31.7">On-Line Picasso Project (http://www.tamu.edu/mocl/picasso/)</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="31.3">Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo_Picasso"</MPQA>
<MPQA autoclass="obj" certainty="30.3">Categories: 1881 births | 1973 deaths | Modern artists | Sculptors | Spanish painters</MPQA>